Operation Juniper Shield
Operazione Libertà Duratura - Trans Sahara
Операція «Нескорена свобода» — Західна Сахара
トランス・サハラにおける不朽の自由作戦
Operação Liberdade Duradoura - Trans Saara
Opération Enduring Freedom - Trans Sahara
항구적 자유 작전 - 트란스 사하라
Операция «Можжевеловый щит»
Operación Libertad Duradera-Trans Sahara
**Boko Haram(partially aligned withISILsince 2015)
<1,000 Mauritanians;
Boko Haram: 300–2,000+
Tuaregs: ~1,000
France
Guinea
Netherlands
Mauritania
Gambia
Czech Republic
Sierra Leone
Denmark
Tunisia
Guinea-Bissau
Ivory Coast
Ghana
Germany
Liberia
Cameroon
* Islamic militants **al-Qaeda **Jama'at Nasr al-Islam wal Muslimin **MOJWA **AQIM **Al-Mourabitoun **Ansar al-Sharia **Macina Liberation Front **Ansar Dine **Boko Haram **Ansaru ---- * ISIL ** Islamic State in the Greater Sahara
**Islamic State – West Africa Province
Spain
Cape Verde
Sweden
Benin
Nigeria
Burkina Faso
Togo
Ongoing
the Global War on Terrorism
Causes:September 11 attacksand2003 Casablanca bombings
Sahara Desert and North Africa, West Africa
Unknown
사하라 지역에서 진행중인 항구적 자유 작전의 일부
operación militar
2007 military operation
opération militaire
中央アフリカのサハラ地方（サヘル地方）での不朽の自由作戦であり、対テロ戦争の一環として行われている
A United States special forces NCO watches weapons marksmanship training for a member of a Malian counter-terrorism unit in December 2010.
Abdelmalek Sellal
Kalzeubet Pahimi Deubet
Ely Ould Mohamed Vall
Dominique de Villepin
Thomas Boni Yayi
Magdalena Andersson
Mohamed Bazoum
* Charles III
George W. Bush
Youssef Chahed
* Willem-Alexander
Guillaume Soro
* Bassirou Diomaye Faye
Daniel Kablan Duncan
Dioncounda Traoré
Jean-Marie Doré
Julie Payette
* Ulf Kristersson
Jan Peter Balkenende
Andrej Babiš
Moulaye Ould Mohamed Laghdaf
Élisabeth Borne
Václav Klaus
François Hollande
Adoum Younousmi
* Umaro Sissoco Embaló
Komi Sélom Klassou
Alpha Condé
Miloš Zeman
* Aziz Akhannouch
Albert Ouédraogo
Lansana Kouyaté
* Ahmed Hachani
Elyes Fakhfakh
Sidi Mohamed Ould Boubacar
François Fillon
Noureddine Bedoui
* Ali Lamine Zeine
Mohamed Ould Abdel Aziz
John Mahama
Abbas El Fassi
Nuno Gomes Nabiam
Mahamadou Issoufou
Moussa Mara
Manuel Valls
* Ibrahim Traoré
Zine El Abidine Ben Ali
John Kufuor
David Cameron
Patrick Achi
Cheick Modibo Diarra
Malam Bacai Sanhá
Christophe Joseph Marie Dabiré
* Frederik X
Soumeylou Boubèye Maïga
Brigi Rafini
Jean Castex
* Mohamed Ould Ghazouani
Leon Panetta
Michel Kafando
* Gabriel Attal
Youssouf Saleh Abbas
Cheikh Hadjibou Soumaré
* Emmanuel Macron
* Mokhtar Ould Djay
Sidiki Kaba
* Felipe VI
Charles Konan Banny †
José Luis Rodríguez Zapatero
Komlan Mally
Domingos Simões Pereira
Gilbert Diendéré
* Mary Simon
Kabiné Komara
Fredrik Reinfeldt
Moncef Marzouki
Seyni Oumarou
Jorge Carlos Fonseca
Mamadu Ture Kuruma
Honoré Traoré
* Dick Schoof
* Joseph Ngute
Jim Mattis
Artur Silva
Ash Carter
* Julius Maada Bio
Boubou Cissé
* Kais Saied
Pascal Koupaki
Jean-Marc Ayrault
Yahya Jammeh
Baciro Djá
Margrethe II
Mamadou Tandja
Joachim Gauck
Mohamed Ghannouchi
Gordon Brown
Najla Bouden
Chuck Hagel
Mohamed Salem Ould Béchir
Lars Løkke Rasmussen
Youcef Yousfi
Moctar Ouane
Albadé Abouba
Mahammed Dionne
Mariano Rajoy
Fouad Mebazaa
Yahya Ould Hademine
Yacouba Isaac Zida
Gilbert Houngbo
Modibo Sidibé
Mark Rutte
* Rui Duarte de Barros
Ibrahima Kassory Fofana
Eugène Camara
Driss Jettou
Ahmed Ouyahia
Sékouba Konaté
Helle Thorning-Schmidt
Abdoulaye Maïga
Stefan Löfven
Yawovi Agboyibo
* Pedro Sánchez
Jan Fischer
Kwesi Ahoomey-Zunu
* Abdourahamane Tchiani
Ibrahim Boubacar Keïta
Beji Caid Essebsi
Bernard Cazeneuve
* Petr Fiala
Abdoul Mbaye
Mark Esper
Ousmane Issoufi Maïga
Mahamadou Danda
Emmanuel Nadingar
Amadou Sanogo
Liz Truss
Oumar Tatam Ly
Barack Obama
* Patrice Talon
Christian Wulff
David Johnston
Abdoulaye Idrissa Maïga
Umaru Musa Yar'Adua
Ba Mamadou Mbaré
Sidi Ould Cheikh Abdallahi
Raimundo Pereira
Amadou Toumani Touré
* Carl XVI Gustaf
Beatrix
Mirek Topolánek
Lassina Zerbo
Blaise Compaoré
* Bah Oury
Angela Merkel
Mohamed Ennaceur
Hamadi Jebali
Carlos Correia
Stephen Harper
Lloyd Austin
Chérif Sy
Modibo Keita
* Bola Tinubu
* Apollinaire Joachim Kyélem de Tambèla
* Ulisses Correia e Silva
* Assimi Goïta
Paramanga Ernest Yonli
* Victoire Tomegah Dogbé
Jiří Rusnok
Jacques Chirac
Joe Biden
Ahmad Tejan Kabbah
Mamady Youla
Hama Amadou
Ismail Ould Bedde Ould Cheikh Sidiya
* Adama Barrow
Albert Pahimi Padacké
Ali Badjo Gamatié
Martinho Ndafa Kabi
Amadou Ba
Abdelkader Bensalah †
* Alassane Ouattara
Lansana Conté
Anders Fogh Rasmussen
Saadeddine Othmani
Hamed Bakayoko †
Delwa Kassiré Koumakoye
Faustino Imbali
Aminata Touré
Laurent Gbagbo
Luc-Adolphe Tiao
Sabri Boukadoum
Goodluck Jonathan
Ouhoumoudou Mahamadou
Mohamed Ould Bilal
Mathieu Kérékou
Gilbert Aké
Édouard Philippe
Elizabeth II
Hichem Mechichi
* Frank-Walter Steinmeier
Zeine Ould Zeidane
Abdoulaye Wade
Ahmed Tidiane Souaré
* Friedrich Merz
Amadou Gon Coulibaly †
* Donald Trump
Abdelaziz Bouteflika †
* Mohammed VI
Bernard Goumou
* Faure Gnassingbé
Idriss Déby
* Nadir Larbaoui
João Bernardo Vieira
Mehdi Jomaa
Roch Marc Christian Kaboré
Aristides Gomes
Django Sissoko
* Choguel Kokalla Maïga
Juan Carlos I
Philémon Yang
Souleymane Ndéné Ndiaye
* Mamady Doumbouya
Yahya Ould Ahmed El Waghef
Mohamed Béavogui
Pascal Yoadimnadji
* Mette Frederiksen
Bohuslav Sobotka
Theresa May
John Atta Mills
Petr Nečas
Abdelaziz Djerad
Robert Gates
Habib Essid
* José Maria Neves
Boris Johnson
* Mahamat Déby
Olusegun Obasanjo
Ali Laarayedh
Michaëlle Jean
Moussa Dadis Camara
Adiato Djaló Nandigna
* Justin Trudeau
Cissé Mariam Kaïdama Sidibé
* Keir Starmer
Tony Blair
Abdelaziz Belkhadem
Nicolas Sarkozy
* Joseph Boakai
Salou Djibo
Mohamed Said Fofana
* Robert Beugré Mambé
* Saleh Kebzabo
Horst Köhler
Ellen Johnson Sirleaf
* Petr Pavel
José Mário Vaz
Paul-Henri Sandaogo Damiba
* Paul Biya
Lionel Zinsou
Manuel Serifo Nhamadjo
Geraldo Martins
* Abdelmadjid Tebboune
* Pete Hegseth
Rui Duarte de Barros
Djimrangar Dadnadji
Macky Sall
* Nana Akufo-Addo
Bah Ndaw
Carlos Gomes Júnior
Muhammadu Buhari
George Weah
* Ousmane Sonko
Paul Kaba Thieba
Pedro Pires
Ephraïm Inoni
Abdelilah Benkirane
Aymen Benabderrahmane
Tertius Zongo
Jeannot Ahoussou-Kouadio
Ernest Bai Koroma