실업
Безробіття
Pengangguran
Dífhostaíocht
بطالة
Atur
Ανεργία
Langabezia
Arbeitslosigkeit
Unemployment
失業
Безработица
Desemprego
Chômage
Arbetslöshet
Desempleo
Werkloosheid
Senlaboreco
Disoccupazione
Nezaměstnanost
Bezrobocie
US Unemployment 1800–1890
US Unemployment since 1890
US Unemployment 1800-1890.gif
Bundesarchiv Bild 183-R79053, Arbeitsloser auf Arbeitssuche.jpg
US annual unemployment rate.svg
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Jackson J. Spielvogel
Joseph Whitworth, 1854
Marx
yes
horizontal
It is in the very nature of the capitalist mode of production to overwork some workers while keeping the rest as a reserve army of unemployed paupers.
Poverty was a highly visible problem in the eighteenth century, both in cities and in the countryside. In France and Britain by the end of the century, an estimated 10 percent of the people depended on charity or begging for their food.
"The laboring classes are comparatively few in number, but this is counterbalanced by, and indeed, may be one of the causes of the eagerness by which they call in the use of machinery in almost every department of industry. Wherever it can be applied as a substitute for manual labor, it is universally and willingly resorted to.... It is this condition of the labor market, and this eager resort to machinery wherever it can be applied, to which, under the guidance of superior education and intelligence, the remarkable prosperity of the United States is due."
এক ধরনের অবস্থা যখন মানুষ কাজ খুঁজে পায় না
Pa gen travay, pa gen lajan
nuair a tha daoine às aonais obrach pàighte
Toestand waarin mense verkeer wat nie werk het nie
ភាសាខែ្មរ
situació del treballador que no té feina
stav, kdy pracovní síla nemá zaměstnání a aktivně ho hledá
situación del trabajador que carece de empleo
stav, pri ktorom sa časť pracovných síl nezúčastňuje pracovného procesu
brak zatrudnienia pomimo poszukiwania go
經濟學名詞
вишак квалификованих радника, који су вољни радити, али не могу наћи посао
מצב שבו אדם המסוגל לעבוד ורוצה בכך אינו מצליח למצוא עבודה
keadaan tanpa pekerjaan
Orang yang tidak bekerja sama sekali, sedang mencari pekerjaan, bekerja kurang dari dua hari selama seminggu, atau seseorang yang sedang berusaha mendapatkan pekerjaan yang layak.
tilanne, jossa ihmisellä ei ole työtä
наличие в стране людей, составляющих часть экономически активного населения, которые способны и желают трудиться, но не могут найти работу
عدم توفر العمل للراغبين به والقادرين عليه
ọnọdụ nke enweghị ọrụ ma na-achọsi ọrụ ike
situation d'un salarié privé d'emploi
shaqo la'aantu waxay dhaawacdaa qalbiga qofka wax soo bartey
Jobless
condizione di mancanza del lavoro
staat van zonder werk zijn en actief werk zoeken
Fehlen bezahlter Beschäftigungsmöglichkeiten für potenzielle Erwerbspersonen
atunci când oamenii nu muncesc și caută un loc de muncă
yanayin zama ba tare da aiki ba kuma yana neman aiki sosai
ನಿರುದ್ಯೋಗಿ
बेकरी
نەبوونی کار بۆ ئەوانەی ئامادەن کار بکەن
state of being without work and actively seeking work
할 의사와 능력을 가진 사람이 일자리를 갖지 않거나 갖지 못한 상태
estado de estar sem trabalho, embora ativamente procurando emprego
Estimated US unemployment rate from 1800 to 1890. All data are estimates based on data compiled by Lebergott. See limitations section below on how to interpret unemployment statistics in self-employed, agricultural economies. See image information for complete data.
Unemployed Canadian men, marching for jobs during the Great Depression to Bathurst Street United Church, Toronto, Ontario in Canada, 1930
An unemployed German, 1928. Unemployment in Germany reached almost 30% of the workforce after the Great Depression.
Estimated US unemployment rate since 1890; 1890–1930 data are from Christina Romer. 1930–1940 data is from Coen. 1940–2011 data is from Bureau of Labor Statistics. See image info for complete data.
January 2025
Is this statement true? The first source supports the converse, that excessively long hours were counterproductive and reduction in working hours could improve productivity Also, introduction of new laws also led to a decline in working hours