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- Supreme Court of Canada case (en)
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- Ernest Clarence Ominayak v. Her Majesty the Queen (en)
- Leroy Steven Kiyawasew v. Her Majesty the Queen; (en)
- Wayne Clarence Badger v. Her Majesty the Queen; (en)
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- 0001-05-01 (xsd:gMonthDay)
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- Judgment for the Crown in the Court of Appeal for Alberta. (en)
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- La Forest, L'Heureux‑Dubé, Gonthier and Iacobucci JJ. (en)
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- McLachlin and Major JJ. (en)
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- When interpreting a treaty, the following principles apply:
#A treaty is a solemn promise between the Crown and the various Indian nations.
#The Crown must be assumed to intend to fulfil its promises, and no appearance of "sharp dealing" will be tolerated.
#Any ambiguities or doubtful expressions must be resolved in favour of the Indians, any limitations on the rights of Indians must be narrowly construed.
#The onus of establishing proof of the extinguishment of a treaty or aboriginal rights lies upon the Crown. (en)
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- Badger and Kiyawasew: appeal dismissed. (en)
- Ominayak: appeal allowed. (en)
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