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- dbr:Adrenaline
- dbr:Norepinephrine
- dbr:Dopamine
- (L)-Phenylalanine is converted into (L)-tyrosine by an aromatic amino acid hydroxylase (AAAH) enzyme , with molecular oxygen and tetrahydrobiopterin as cofactors. (L)-Tyrosine is converted into (L)-DOPA by another AAAH enzyme with tetrahydrobiopterin, O2, and ferrous iron as cofactors. (L)-DOPA is converted into dopamine by the enzyme aromatic (L)-amino acid decarboxylase (AADC), with pyridoxal phosphate as the cofactor. Dopamine itself is also used as precursor in the synthesis of the neurotransmitters norepinephrine and epinephrine. Dopamine is converted into norepinephrine by the enzyme dopamine β-hydroxylase (DBH), with O2 and (L)-ascorbic acid as cofactors. Norepinephrine is converted into epinephrine by the enzyme phenylethanolamine N-methyltransferase with S-adenosyl-(L)-methionine as the cofactor. (en)
- In humans, catecholamines are derived from the amino acid (L)-phenylalanine. (en)
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