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- Hemphill, Gary B. Practical Tunnel Construction , Chapter 7: Tunnel-boring machines: History of tunnel-boring machine. (en)
- Drinker, Henry Sturgis. Treatise on Explosive Compounds, Machine Rock Drills and Blasting , pp. 191-194. (en)
- Stack, Barbara Encyclopaedia of Tunnelling, Mining, and Drilling Equipmen. (en)
- West, Graham "Ch. 11: Hard Rock Tunnelling Machines", in Innovation and the Rise of the Tunnelling Industry, Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press, pages 239-248. (en)
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